Montgomery's Tavern National Historic Site of Canada

Montgomery’s Tavern was designated a national historic site of Canada in 1925 because:

• it was the headquarters of William Lyon McKenzie, leader in the Upper Canada Rebellion;
• it was the scene of a skirmish on December 7, 1837, which resulted in the collapse of the rebellion; and
• the rebellion was an important factor in bringing about the legislative union of Upper and Lower Canada, and the permanent establishment in Canada of responsible government.

In 1837, unable to establish fair government representation through political means, William Lyon Mackenzie, a reformer, newspaper editor, and the first mayor of Toronto (elected in 1834), assembled a group of moderates and radicals in an attempt to overthrow the existing government. Making Montgomery’s Tavern, located north of Toronto’s current boundaries, his headquarters, Mackenzie began his rebellion on December 5 when he and approximately 800 ill-equipped and untrained rebels began a march southward. The local militia repelled them before they could reach the city, and on December 7, Lieutenant Governor Sir Francis Bond Head ordered 1,000 militia and volunteers under Colonel James FitzGibbon to strike back. FitzGibbon’s forces were routed Mackenzie’s near Montgomery’s Tavern the same day, and the rebellion collapsed. The tavern was burnt down the same day. Though the rebellion was quelled, it was nevertheless instrumental in bringing about the establishment of responsible government in Canada, as well as a legislative union between Upper and Lower Canada, in 1841.